There was once a kingdom in Saudi Arabia called Himyar that held control much of Saudi Arabia. There were number of years where Himyar was a well established region in South Arabia. Scientists have discovered extreme dryness caused the collapse of ancient south Arabian kingdom of Himyar. There was drought which left the area in disarray and when it was coupled with political unrest and war it helped to create the circumstances necessary for the spread of newly formed religion of Islam on the Arabian Peninsula. There are still traces of the Himyarite Kingdom on the plateus of Yemen.
The kigdom has a crisis on the sixth century which resulted in its defeat by the nearby kingdom of Aksum now known as Ethopia. There was extreme drought a previously unrecognized factor has helped play a significant role in the upheavals in ancient Arabia that led rise of Islam in the seventh century. The layers of a stalagmite from AL Hoota cace were examined by Flietmann’s team. The amount of precipitation rooted the stones. There were dry period lasting several decades and the stone grows with a smaller diameter than in years with higher drip rate. The researchers dated a dry era to the early sixth century using the radioactive decay of uranium however only to within 30 years.